1. Nature and Scope of Commerce

• Meaning of commerce

• Components of commerce

• Importance of commerce

• Relationship with other subjects

2. Production

• Types of production

• Factors of production

• Division of labour

• Scale of production

3. Trade

• Home trade

• Foreign trade

• Import and export

• Balance of trade

4. Aids to Trade

• Transport

• Banking

• Insurance

• Advertising

• Warehousing

5. Business Organisation

• Sole proprietorship

• Partnership

• Limited liability companies

• Public corporations

6. Marketing

• Meaning of marketing

• Marketing mix

• Market segmentation

• Distribution channels

7. Money and Banking

• Functions of money

• Types of banks

• Credit system

• Central banking

8. Insurance

• Meaning of insurance

• Types of insurance

• Principles of insurance

• Importance of insurance

9. Business Finance

• Sources of finance

• Capital formation

• Public vs private finance

• Financial institutions

10. Government and Business

• Role of government in business

• Privatization

• Public enterprises

• Regulation of business

11. Stock Exchange

• Meaning of stock exchange

• Functions

• Shares and bonds

• Capital market

12. International Trade

• Balance of payments

• Exchange rates

• Trade restrictions

• Global trade organizations